Precedents 音标拼音: [pr'ɛsədənts] [pr'ɛsəd
, ɛnts]
引用单元格
引用单元格
PRECEDENTS .
the decision of courts of justice ;
when exactly in point with a case before the court ,
they are generally held to have a binding authority ,
as well to keep the scale of justice even and steady ,
as because the law in that case has been solemnly declared and determined .
9 M .
R .
355 .
2 .
To render precedents valid ,
they must be founded in reason and justice ;
Hob .
270 ;
must have been made upon argument ,
and be the solemn decision of the court ;
4 Co .
94 ;
and in order to give them binding effect ,
there must be a current of decisions .
Cro .
Car .
528 ;
Cro .
Jac .
386 ;
8 Co .
163 .
3 .
According to Lord Talbot ,
it is "
much better to stick to the known general rules ,
than to follow any one particular precedent ,
which may be founded on reason ,
unknown to us ."
Cas .
Temp .
Talb .
26 .
Blackstone ,
1 Com .
70 ,
says ,
that a former decision is in general to be followed ,
unless "
manifestly absurd or unjust ,",
and ,
in the latter case ,
ii is declared ,
when overruled ,
not that the former sentence was bad law ,
but that it was not law .
4 .
Precedents can only be useful when they show that the case has been decided upon a certain principle ,
and ought not to be binding when contrary to such principle .
If a precedent is to be followed because it is a precedent ,
even when decided against an established rule of law ,
there can be no possible correction of abuses ,
because the fact of ,
their existence renders them above the law .
It is always safe to rely upon principles .
See Principle ;
Rewon .
de 16 Vin .
Ab .
499 ;
Wesk .
on Inst .
h .
t .:
2 Swanst .
163 ;
2 Jac . &
W .
31 ;
3 Ves .
527 ;
2 Atk .
559 ;
2 P .
Wms .
258 ;
2 Bro .
C .
C .
86 ;
1 Ves .
jr .
11 ;
and 2 Evans Poth .
377 ,
where the author argues against the policy of making precedents binding when contrary to reason .
See also 1 Kent ,
Comm .
475 -
77 ;
Liv .
Syst .
104 -
5 ;
Gresl .
Ev .
300 ;
16 Johns .
R .
402 ;
20 Johns .
R .
722 ;
Cro .
Jac .
527 ;
33 H .
VII .
41 ;
Jones ,
Bailment ,
46 ;
and the articles Reason and Stare decisis .
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