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calculi    
n. 微积分学,结石

微积分学,结石

Calculus \Cal"cu*lus\, n.; pl. {Calculi}. [L, calculus. See
{Calculate}, and {Calcule}.]
1. (Med.) Any solid concretion, formed in any part of the
body, but most frequent in the organs that act as
reservoirs, and in the passages connected with them; as,
biliary calculi; urinary calculi, etc.
[1913 Webster]

2. (Math.) A method of computation; any process of reasoning
by the use of symbols; any branch of mathematics that may
involve calculation.
[1913 Webster]

{Barycentric calculus}, a method of treating geometry by
defining a point as the center of gravity of certain other
points to which co["e]fficients or weights are ascribed.


{Calculus of functions}, that branch of mathematics which
treats of the forms of functions that shall satisfy given
conditions.

{Calculus of operations}, that branch of mathematical logic
that treats of all operations that satisfy given
conditions.

{Calculus of probabilities}, the science that treats of the
computation of the probabilities of events, or the
application of numbers to chance.

{Calculus of variations}, a branch of mathematics in which
the laws of dependence which bind the variable quantities
together are themselves subject to change.

{Differential calculus}, a method of investigating
mathematical questions by using the ratio of certain
indefinitely small quantities called differentials. The
problems are primarily of this form: to find how the
change in some variable quantity alters at each instant
the value of a quantity dependent upon it.

{Exponential calculus}, that part of algebra which treats of
exponents.

{Imaginary calculus}, a method of investigating the relations
of real or imaginary quantities by the use of the
imaginary symbols and quantities of algebra.

{Integral calculus}, a method which in the reverse of the
differential, the primary object of which is to learn from
the known ratio of the indefinitely small changes of two
or more magnitudes, the relation of the magnitudes
themselves, or, in other words, from having the
differential of an algebraic expression to find the
expression itself.
[1913 Webster]


Calculi \Cal"cu*li\, n. pl.
See {Calculus}.
[1913 Webster]



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  • Kidney stones - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
    You may hear healthcare professionals refer to kidney stones as renal calculi, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis Kidney stones have various causes These include diet, extra body weight, some health conditions, and some supplements and medicines
  • Urinary Calculi - Urology - Merck Manual Professional Edition
    Urinary calculi are solid particles in the urinary system They may cause pain, nausea, vomiting, hematuria, and chills and fever due to secondary infection Diagnosis is based on radiologic imaging, usually noncontrast CT
  • Kidney Stones: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis Treatment
    What are kidney stones? Kidney stones are solid masses or crystals that form from substances (like minerals, acids and salts) in your kidneys They can be as small as a grain of sand or — rarely — larger than a golf ball Kidney stones are also called renal calculi or nephrolithiasis
  • Calculus (medicine) - Wikipedia
    A calculus (pl : calculi), often called a stone, is a concretion of material, usually mineral salts, that forms in an organ or duct of the body Formation of calculi is known as lithiasis ( ˌlɪˈθaɪəsɪs ) Stones can cause a number of medical conditions
  • Nephrolithiasis: What Is It, Types, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis | Osmosis
    Nephrolithiasis, also known as kidney stones or renal calculi, refers to the presence of stones within the kidneys It is one of the most common kidney diseases in adults Stone formation occurs when there’s an excess of crystal-forming substances that can’t be dissolved in the urine
  • Kidney stone disease - Wikipedia
    Kidney stone disease or urinary stone disease is a crystallopathy that occurs when there is an excess of minerals in the urine and not enough liquid or hydration This imbalance causes tiny crystals to aggregate and form hard masses, or calculi (stones), in the upper urinary tract
  • Kidney Stone: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More - Healthline
    Kidney stones, or renal calculi, are masses made of crystals Learn more about causes and symptoms here
  • Kidney stones - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic
    Blood test results help track the health of your kidneys These results also may lead your healthcare professional to check for other health conditions Urine testing Your healthcare professional may ask you to collect samples of your urine over 24 hours
  • What Are Kidney Stones (Renal Calculi or Nephrolithiasis)? - Health
    Kidney stones—also known as renal calculi or nephrolithiasis—are hard deposits made of minerals that build up in your urinary tract and form in your kidneys
  • Kidney Stone Causes, First Signs, Symptoms, Treatment, Surgery
    Kidney stones are a common cause of blood in the urine (hematuria) and often severe pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin Kidney stones are sometimes called renal calculi The condition of having kidney stones is termed nephrolithiasis





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