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Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Edition (1856)

CANCELLATION. Its general acceptation, is the act of crossing a writing; it
is used sometimes to signify the manual operation of tearing or destroying
the instrument itself. Hyde v. Hyde, 1 Eq. Cas. Abr. 409; Rob. on Wills,
367, n.
2. Cancelling a will, animo revocandi, is a revocation of it, and it is
unnecessary to show a complete destruction or obliteration. 2 B. & B. 650; 3
B. & A. 489; 2 Bl. R. 1043; 2 Nott & M'Cord, 272; Whart. Dig. Wills, c.; 4
Mass. 462. When a duplicate has been cancelled, animo revocandi, it is the
cancellation of both parts. 2 Lee, Ecc. R. 532.
3. But the mere act of cancelling a will is nothing, unless it be done
animo revocandi, and evidence is admissible to show, quo animo, the testator
cancelled it., 7 Johns. 394 2 Dall. 266; S. C. 2 Yeates, 170; 4 Serg. &
Rawle, 297; cited 2 Dall. 267, n.; 3 Hen. & Munf. 502; Rob. on Wills, 365;
Lovel, 178; Toll. on Ex'rs, Index, h.t.; 3 Stark. Ev. 1714; 1 Adams' Rep.
529 Mass. 307; 5 Conn. 262; 4 Wend. 474; 4 Wend. 585; 1 Harr. & M'H. 162; 4
Conn. 550; 8 Verm. 373; 1 N. H. Rep. 1; 4 N. H. Rep. 191; 2 Eccl. Rep. 23.
4. As to the effect of cancelling a deed, which has not been recorded,
see 1 Adams' Rep. 1; Palm. 403; Latch. 226; Gilb. Law, Ev. 109, 110; 2 H.
Bl. 263: 2 Johns. 87 1 Greenl. R. 78; 10 Mass. 403; 9 Pick. 105; 4 N. H.
Rep. 191; Greenl. Ev. Sec. 265; 5 Conn. 262; 4 Conn. 450; 5 Conn. 86; 2
John. R. 84; 4 Yerg. 375; 6 Mass. 24; 11 Mass. 337; 2 Curt. Ecc. R. 458.
5. As to when a court of equity will order an agreement or other
instrument to be cancelled and delivered up, see 4 Bouv. Inst. n. 3917-22.